This is a collection of relevant and related research literature on anthropological epigenetics.
Anderson, O. S., Sant, K. E., & Dolinoy, D. C. (2012). Nutrition and epigenetics: an interplay of dietary methyl donors, one-carbon metabolism and DNA methylation. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 23(8), 853-859.
Aryee MJ, Jaffe AE, Corrada-Bravo H, Ladd-Acosta C, Feinberg AP, Hansen KD, Irizarry RA. 2014. Minfi: A flexible and comprehensive Bioconductor package for the analysis of Infinium DNA Methylation microarrays. Bioinformatics 30:1363-1369.
Bell, Jordana T., Pei-Chien Tsai, Tsun-Po Yang, Ruth Pidsley, James Nisbet, Daniel Glass, Massimo Mangino, et al. 2012. Epigenome-Wide Scans Identify Differentially Methylated Regions for Age and Age-Related Phenotypes in a Healthy Ageing Population. PLoS Genetics 8 (4). doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002629.
Bianco-Miotto, T., J. M. Craig, Y. P. Gasser, S. J. van Dijk, and S. E. Ozanne. “Epigenetics and DOHaD: From Basics to Birth and beyond.” Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, September 2017, 1–7. doi:10.1017/S2040174417000733.
Bjornsson HT, Sigurdsson MI, Fallin MD, et al. Intra-individual change over time in DNA methylation with familial clustering. JAMA 2008; 299: 2877-2883
Boffelli D, Martin DIK. 2012. Epigenetics Inheritance: A Contributor to Species Differentiation? DNA and Cell Biology 31:S11-S16.
Bouchard, C., & Ordovas, J. M. (2012). Fundamentals of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. In Progress in molecular biology and translational science (Vol. 108, pp. 1-15). Academic Press.
Burdge, G. C., & Lillycrop, K. A. (2010). Nutrition, epigenetics, and developmental plasticity: implications for understanding human disease. Annual review of nutrition, 30, 315-339.
Callinan PA, Feinberg AP. 2006. The emerging science of epigenomics. Human Molecular Genetics 15:R95-101.
Calvanese V, Lara E, Kahn A, Fraga MF. 2009. The role of epigenetics in aging and age-related diseases. Ageing Research Reviews 8:268-276.
Carbone, Lucia, R. Alan Harris, Gery M. Vessere, Alan R. Mootnick, Sean Humphray, Jane Rogers, Sung K. Kim, et al. “Evolutionary Breakpoints in the Gibbon Suggest Association between Cytosine Methylation and Karyotype Evolution.” PLOS Genetics 5, no. 6 (June 26, 2009): e1000538. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000538.
Chang, Andrew YF, and Ben-Yang Liao. “Recruitment of Histone Modifications to Assist mRNA Dosage Maintenance after Degeneration of Cytosine DNA Methylation during Animal Evolution.” Genome Research, July 18, 2017, gr.221739.117. doi:10.1101/gr.221739.117.
Chen, Brian H., Riccardo E. Marioni, Elena Colicino, Marjolein J. Peters, Cavin K. Ward-Caviness, Pei-Chien Tsai, Nicholas S. Roetker, et al. 2016. DNA Methylation-Based Measures of Biological Age: Meta-Analysis Predicting Time to Death. Aging, September. doi:10.18632/aging.101020.
Christiansen, L., Lenart, A., Tan, Q., Vaupel, J. W., Aviv, A., McGue, M., & Christensen, K. (2016). DNA methylation age is associated with mortality in a longitudinal Danish twin study. Aging Cell, 15(1), 149-154.
Cortessis, V. K., Thomas, D. C., Levine, A. J., Breton, C. V., Mack, T. M., Siegmund, K. D., ... & Laird, P. W. (2012). Environmental epigenetics: prospects for studying epigenetic mediation of exposure–response relationships. Human genetics, 131(10), 1565-1589.
Cox, L. A., A. G. Comuzzie, L. M. Havill, G. M. Karere, K. D. Spradling, M. C. Mahaney, P. W. Nathanielsz, et al. 2013. Baboons as a Model to Study Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Disease. ILAR Journal 54 (2): 106–21. doi:10.1093/ilar/ilt038.
Declerck, K., & Berghe, W. V. (2018). Back to the future: epigenetic clock plasticity towards healthy aging. Mechanisms of ageing and development.
Dediu, D., & Levinson, S. C. (2018). Neanderthal language revisited: not only us. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 21, 49-55.
Du, Pan, Xiao Zhang, Chiang-Ching Huang, Nadereh Jafari, Warren A. Kibbe, Lifang Hou, and Simon M. Lin. 2010. Comparison of Beta-Value and M-Value Methods for Quantifying Methylation Levels by Microarray Analysis. BMC Bioinformatics 11: 587. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-11-587.
Dupras, C., Ravitsky, V., & Williams‐Jones, B. (2014). Epigenetics and the environment in bioethics. Bioethics, 28(7), 327-334.
Egger, G., Liang, G., Aparicio, A., & Jones, P. A. (2004). Epigenetics in human disease and prospects for epigenetic therapy. Nature, 429(6990), 457.
Enard W, Fassbender A, Model F, Adorján P, Pääbo S, Olek A. 2004. Differences in DNA methylation patterns between humans and chimpanzees. Current Biology 14:R148-R149.
Esteller M. 2008. Epigenetics in evolution and disease. Lancet 372:590-596.
Esteller, M. (2018). The Human Epigenome—Implications for the Understanding of Human Disease. In Molecular Pathology (Second Edition) (pp. 165-182).
Fagny, Maud, Etienne Patin, Julia L. MacIsaac, Maxime Rotival, Timothée Flutre, Meaghan J. Jones, Katherine J. Siddle, et al. “The Epigenomic Landscape of African Rainforest Hunter-Gatherers and Farmers.” Nature Communications 6 (November 30, 2015): 10047. doi:10.1038/ncomms10047.
Feinberg, A. P., & Irizarry, R. A. (2010). Stochastic epigenetic variation as a driving force of development, evolutionary adaptation, and disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(suppl 1), 1757-1764.
Feinberg, A. P., Koldobskiy, M. A., & Göndör, A. (2016). Epigenetic modulators, modifiers and mediators in cancer aetiology and progression. Nature Reviews Genetics, 17(5), 284.
Fetahu, I. S., Höbaus, J., & Kállay, E. (2014). Vitamin D and the epigenome. Frontiers in physiology, 5, 164.
Fortin, Jean-Philippe, Timothy Triche, and Kasper Hansen. 2016. Preprocessing, Normalization and Integration of the Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC Array. bioRxiv, July, 065490. doi:10.1101/065490.
Fraga MF, Ballestar E, Paz MF, Ropero S, Setien F, Ballestar ML, Heine-Suner D, Cigudosa JC, Urioste M, Benitez J. 2005. Epigenetic differences arise during the lifetime of monozygotic twins. PNAS 102:10604-10609.
Fraser et al. Population-specificity of human DNA methylation. Genome Biology. 2012. 13:R8.
Gama-Sosa MA, Midgett RM, Slagel VA, Githens S, Kuo KC, Gehrke CW, Ehrlich M. 1983. Tissue-Specific Differences in DNA Methylation in Various Mammals. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 740:212-219.
García-Segura, L., Pérez-Andrade, M., & Miranda-Ríos, J. (2013). The emerging role of MicroRNAs in the regulation of gene expression by nutrients. Journal of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics, 6(1), 16-31.
Geeleher, Paul, Lori Hartnett, Laurance J. Egan, Aaron Golden, Raja Affendi Raja Ali, and Cathal Seoighe. 2013. Gene-Set Analysis Is Severely Biased When Applied to Genome-Wide Methylation Data. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 29 (15): 1851–57. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btt311.
Gokhman D, Lavi E, Prüfer K, Fraga MF, Riancho JA, Kelso J, Pääbo S, Meshorer E, Carmel L. 2014. Reconstructing the DNA Methylation Maps of the Neandertal and the Denisovan. Science 344:523-527.
Gokhman, David, Eran Meshorer, and Liran Carmel. “Epigenetics: It’s Getting Old. Past Meets Future in Paleoepigenetics.” Trends in Ecology & Evolution 31, no. 4 (April 2016): 290–300. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2016.01.010.
Gokhman, David, Lily Agranat-Tamir, Genevieve Housman, Malka Nissim-Rafinia, Maria Nieves-Colón, Hongcang Gu, Manuel Ferrando-Bernal, et al. “Recent Regulatory Changes Shaped Human Facial and Vocal Anatomy.” bioRxiv, March 1, 2017, 106955. doi:10.1101/106955.
Guthman, J., & Mansfield, B. (2013). The implications of environmental epigenetics: A new direction for geographic inquiry on health, space, and nature-society relations. Progress in Human Geography, 37(4), 486-504.
Hallgrímsson, B., Lieberman, D. E., Liu, W., Ford‐Hutchinson, A. F., & Jirik, F. R. (2007). Epigenetic interactions and the structure of phenotypic variation in the cranium. Evolution & development, 9(1), 76-91.
Hannum, Gregory, Justin Guinney, Ling Zhao, Li Zhang, Guy Hughes, SriniVas Sadda, Brandy Klotzle, et al. 2013. Genome-Wide Methylation Profiles Reveal Quantitative Views of Human Aging Rates. Molecular Cell 49 (2): 359–67. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2012.10.016.
He, Xin-Jian, Taiping Chen, and Jian-Kang Zhu. “Regulation and Function of DNA Methylation in Plants and Animals.” Cell Research 21, no. 3 (March 2011): 442–65. doi:10.1038/cr.2011.23.
Heijmans BT, Tobi EW, Stein AD, Putter H, Blauw GJ, Susser ES, Slagboom PE, Lumey LH. 2008. Persistent epigenetic differences associated with prenatal exposure to famine in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:17046–9.
Heijmans, B. T., & Mill, J. (2012). Commentary: The seven plagues of epigenetic epidemiology. International journal of epidemiology, 41(1), 74-78.
Hendrickx, K., & Van Hoyweghen, I. (2018). An Epigenetic Prism to Norms and Values. Frontiers in genetics, 9, 63.
Hernando-Herraez I, Prado-Martinez J, Garg P, Fernandez-Callejo M, Heyn H, Hvilsom C, Navarro A, Esteller M, Sharp AJ, Marques-Bonet T. 2013. Dynamics of DNA Methylation in Recent Human and Great Ape Evolution. PLoS Genetics 9:e1003763.
Hernando-Herraez, I., Heyn, H., Fernandez-Callejo, M., Vidal, E., Fernandez-Bellon, H., Prado-Martinez, J., ... & Marques-Bonet, T. (2015). The interplay between DNA methylation and sequence divergence in recent human evolution. Nucleic acids research, 43(17), 8204-8214.
Heyn H, Moran S, Hernando-Herraez I, Sayols S, Gomez A, Sandoval J, Monk D, Hata K, Marques-Bonet T, Wang L, Esteller M. 2013. DNA methylation contributes to natural human variation. Genome Research 23:1363-1372.
Ho, S. M., Johnson, A., Tarapore, P., Janakiram, V., Zhang, X., & Leung, Y. K. (2012). Environmental epigenetics and its implication on disease risk and health outcomes. ILAR journal, 53(3-4), 289-305.
Hoke MK, McDade T. 2015. Biosocial Inheritance: A frameworks for the study of intergenerational transmission of health disparities. Ann Anthropol Pract 38:187–213.
Horvath S, Gurven M, Levine ME, Trumble BC, Kaplan H, Allayee H, Ritz BR, Chen B, Lu AT, Rickabaugh TM, Jamieson BD, Sun D, Li S, Chen W, Quintana-Murci L, Fagny M, Kobor MS, Tsao PS, Reiner AP, Edlefsen KL, Absher D, Assimes TL. 2016. An epigenetic clock analysis of race/ethnicity, sex, and coronary heart disease. Genome Biol 17:171.
Jaffe, Andrew E, and Rafael A Irizarry. 2014. Accounting for Cellular Heterogeneity Is Critical in Epigenome-Wide Association Studies. Genome Biology 15 (2): R31. doi:10.1186/gb-2014-15-2-r31.
Jorgensen, R. A. (2011). Epigenetics: biology's quantum mechanics. Frontiers in plant science, 2, 10.
Jurkowski, Tomasz P, Mirunalini Ravichandran, and Peter Stepper. “Synthetic Epigenetics—towards Intelligent Control of Epigenetic States and Cell Identity.” Clinical Epigenetics 7, no. 1 (2015): 18. doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0044-x.
Kenney, M., & Müller, R. (2018). Of rats and women: narratives of motherhood in environmental epigenetics. In The Palgrave Handbook of Biology and Society (pp. 799-830). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Kuzawa, Christopher W, and Zaneta M Thayer. “Timescales of Human Adaptation: The Role of Epigenetic Processes.” Epigenomics 3, no. 2 (April 2011): 221–34. doi:10.2217/epi.11.11.
Lam LL et al. Factors underlying variable DNA methylation in a human community cohort. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2012. 109 Suppl 2:17253-60.
Landecker, H., & Panofsky, A. (2013). From social structure to gene regulation, and back: A critical introduction to environmental epigenetics for sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 39, 333-357.
Lappé, M., & Landecker, H. (2015). How the genome got a life span. New genetics and society, 34(2), 152-176.
Laubach, Z. M., Perng, W., Dolinoy, D. C., Faulk, C. D., Holekamp, K. E., & Getty, T. (2018). Epigenetics and the maintenance of developmental plasticity: extending the signalling theory framework. Biological Reviews.
Lauc, G., Vojta, A., & Zoldoš, V. (2014). Epigenetic regulation of glycosylation is the quantum mechanics of biology. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 1840(1), 65-70.
Lea et al. 2017. Maximizing ecological and evolutionary insight in bisulfite sequencing data sets. Nature Ecology & Evolution 1: 1074–1083. doi: 10.1038/s41559-017-0229-0. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0229-0
Lea, Amanda J., Jeanne Altmann, Susan C. Alberts, and Jenny Tung. “Resource Base Influences Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Levels in Wild Baboons (Papio Cynocephalus).” Molecular Ecology 25, no. 8 (April 1, 2016): 1681–96. doi:10.1111/mec.13436.
Leek, Jeffrey T., W. Evan Johnson, Hilary S. Parker, Andrew E. Jaffe, and John D. Storey. 2012. The Sva Package for Removing Batch Effects and Other Unwanted Variation in High-Throughput Experiments. Bioinformatics 28 (6): 882–83. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts034.
Lin, Qiong, Carola I. Weidner, Ivan G. Costa, Riccardo E. Marioni, Marcelo R. P. Ferreira, Ian J. Deary, and Wolfgang Wagner. 2016. DNA Methylation Levels at Individual Age-Associated CpG Sites Can Be Indicative for Life Expectancy. Aging (Albany NY) 8 (2): 394–401.
Lock, M. (2013). The epigenome and nature/nurture reunification: a challenge for anthropology. Medical Anthropology, 32(4), 291-308.
Loi, M., Del Savio, L., & Stupka, E. (2013). Social epigenetics and equality of opportunity. Public health ethics, 6(2), 142-153.
Lowe R, Gemma C, Beyan H, et al. Buccals are likely to be a more informative surrogate tissue than blood for epigenome-wide association studies. Epigenetics 2013
Lowe, Donna, Steve Horvath, and Kenneth Raj. 2016. Epigenetic Clock Analyses of Cellular Senescence and Ageing. Oncotarget 7 (8): 8524–31. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.7383.
Maksimovic, Jovana, Belinda Phipson, and Alicia Oshlack. 2016. A Cross-Package Bioconductor Workflow for Analysing Methylation Array Data. F1000Research 5 (June): 1281. doi:10.12688/f1000research.8839.1.
Mansfield, B., & Guthman, J. (2015). Epigenetic life: biological plasticity, abnormality, and new configurations of race and reproduction. cultural geographies, 22(1), 3-20.
Mansfield, Becky. 2012 Race and the new epigenetic biopolitics of environmental health. BioSocieties 7(4):352–372.
Marioni, Riccardo E., Sonia Shah, Allan F. McRae, Brian H. Chen, Elena Colicino, Sarah E. Harris, Jude Gibson, et al. 2015. DNA Methylation Age of Blood Predicts All-Cause Mortality in Later Life. Genome Biology 16: 25. doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0584-6.
Martin DI, Singer M, Dhahbi J, Mao G, Zhang L, Schroth GP, Pachter L, Boffelli D. 2011. Phyloepigenomic comparison of great apes reveals a correlation between somatic and germline methylation states. Genome Research 21:2049-2057.
Martin, E. M., & Fry, R. C. (2018). Environmental Influences on the Epigenome: Exposure-Associated DNA Methylation in Human Populations. Annual review of public health, (0).
McRae AF, Powell JE, Henders AK, Bowdler L, Hemani G, Shah S, Painter JN, Martin NG, Visscher PM, Montgomery GW. 2014. Contribution of genetic variation to transgenerational inheritance of DNA methylation. Genome Biology 15:R73.
Meehan, R. R., Thomson, J. P., Lentini, A., Nestor, C. E., & Pennings, S. (2018). DNA methylation as a genomic marker of exposure to chemical and environmental agents. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 45, 48-56.
Meloni, M. (2015). Epigenetics for the social sciences: justice, embodiment, and inheritance in the postgenomic age. New Genetics and Society, 34(2), 125-151.
Meloni, Maurizio, and Giuseppe Testa. “Scrutinizing the Epigenetics Revolution.” BioSocieties 9, no. 4 (2014): 431–456.
Mendizabal et al. 2016. Comparative Methylome Analyses Identify Epigenetic Regulatory Loci of Human Brain Evolution. Mol Biol Evol. 33(11): 2947–2959. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msw176. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5062329/
Michels et al. Recommendations for the design and analysis of epigenome-wide association studies. Nat. Methods. 2013. 10: 949-55
Mill, J., & Heijmans, B. T. (2013). From promises to practical strategies in epigenetic epidemiology. Nature Reviews Genetics, 14(8), 585.
Miska, Eric A., and Anne C. Ferguson-Smith. "Transgenerational inheritance: Models and mechanisms of non–DNA sequence–based inheritance." Science 354 (2016): 59-63.
Morris TJ, Beck S. 2015. Analysis pipelines and packages for Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (450k) data. Methods 72:3-8.
Müller, G. B. (2007). Evo–devo: extending the evolutionary synthesis. Nature reviews genetics, 8(12), 943.
Niewöhner, J. (2011). Epigenetics: Embedded bodies and the molecularisation of biography and milieu. BioSocieties, 6(3), 279-298.
Niewöhner, J. (2015). Epigenetics: localizing biology through co-laboration. New Genetics and Society, 34(2), 219-242.
Non, Amy L., and Zaneta M. Thayer. “Epigenetics for Anthropologists: An Introduction to Methods.” American Journal of Human Biology 27, no. 3 (May 6, 2015): 295–303. doi:10.1002/ajhb.22679.
Pedersen JS, Valen E, Velazquez AMV, Parker BJ, Rasmussen M, Lindgreen S, Lilje B, Tobin DJ, Kelly TK, Vang S, Andersson R, Jones PA, Hoover CA, Tikhonov A, Prokhortchouk E, Rubin EM, Sandelin A, Gilbert MTP, Krogh A, Willerslev E, Orlando L. 2014. Genome-wide nucleosome map and cytosine methylation levels of an ancient human genome. Genome Research 24:454-466.
Pickersgill, M., Niewöhner, J., Müller, R., Martin, P., & Cunningham-Burley, S. (2013). Mapping the new molecular landscape: social dimensions of epigenetics. New genetics and society, 32(4), 429-447.
Provencal N, Suderman MJ, Guillemin C, Massart R, Ruggiero A, Wang D, Bennett AJ, Pierre PJ, Friedman DP, Cote SM, Hallett M, Tremblay RE, Suomi SJ, Szyf M. 2012. The Signature of Maternal Rearing in the Methylome in Rhesus Macaque Prefrontal Cortex and T Cells. The Journal of Neuroscience 32:15626-15642.
Racimo, F., Gokhman, D., Fumagalli, M., Ko, A., Hansen, T., Moltke, I., ... & Nielsen, R. (2017). Archaic adaptive introgression in TBX15/WARS2. Molecular biology and evolution, 34(3), 509-524.
Rakyan VK, Down TA, Balding DJ, et al. Epigenome-wide association studies for common human diseases. Nat Rev Genet 2011; 12: 529-541
Relton, C. L., & Davey Smith, G. (2012). Is epidemiology ready for epigenetics?. International journal of epidemiology, 41(1), 5-9.
Reynolds, C. M., O’Sullivan, J. M., Segovia, S. A., & Vickers, M. H. (2018). Early-Life Nutrition, Epigenetics, and Altered Energy Balance Later in Life. In Epigenetics of Aging and Longevity (pp. 213-227).
Richardson, S. 2015. “Maternal Bodies in the Postgenomic Order: Gender and the Explanatory Landscape of Epigenetics.” in Postgenomics Durham: Duke University Press.
Richardson, S. S. (2014). Don't blame the mothers: careless discussion of epigenetic research on how early life affects health across generations could harm women, warn Sarah S. Richardson and colleagues. Nature, 512(7513), 131-133.
Rothstein, M. A. (2013). Epigenetic Exceptionalism: Currents in Contemporary Bioethics. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 41(3), 733-736.
Rothstein, M. A., Cai, Y., & Marchant, G. E. (2009). Ethical implications of epigenetics research. Nature Reviews Genetics, 10(4), 224-224.
Ruemmele, F. M., & Garnier-Lengliné, H. (2012). Why are genetics important for nutrition? Lessons from epigenetic research. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 60(Suppl. 3), 38-43.
Sage, C., & Burgio, E. (2018). Electromagnetic fields, pulsed radiofrequency radiation, and epigenetics: How wireless technologies may affect childhood development. Child development, 89(1), 129-136.
Skinner, M. K. (2011). Environmental epigenetic transgenerational inheritance and somatic epigenetic mitotic stability. Epigenetics, 6(7), 838.
Skinner, M. K. (2015). Environmental epigenetics and a unified theory of the molecular aspects of evolution: a neo-Lamarckian concept that facilitates neo-Darwinian evolution. Genome biology and evolution, 7(5), 1296-1302.
Smith RWA, Monroe C, Bolnick DA. 2015. Detection of Cytosine Methylation in Ancient DNA from Five Native American Populations Using Bisulfite Sequencing. PLoS ONE 10:e0125344.
Smith ZD, Meissner A. 2013. DNA methylation: roles in mammalian development. Nature Reviews Genetics 14:204-220.
Soubry, A. (2018). Epigenetics as a Driver of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: Did We Forget the Fathers?. BioEssays, 40(1).
St-pierre J, Hivert M, Perron P, Poirier P, Guay S, Brisson D, Bouchard L. 2012. IGF2 DNA methylation is a modulator of newborn’s fetal growth and development. Epigenetics 7:1125–1132.
Stringhini, S., & Vineis, P. (2018). Epigenetic Signatures of Socioeconomic Status Across the Lifecourse. In The Palgrave Handbook of Biology and Society (pp. 541-559). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Talens RP, Boomsma DI, Tobi EW, et al. Variation, patterns, and temporal stability of DNA methylation: considerations for epigenetic epidemiology. FASEB J 2010; 24: 3135-3144
Thayer, Zaneta M., and Amy L. Non. “Anthropology Meets Epigenetics: Current and Future Directions.” American Anthropologist 117, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 722–35. doi:10.1111/aman.12351.
Thayer, Zaneta M., and Christopher W. Kuzawa. “Biological Memories of Past Environments: Epigenetic Pathways to Health Disparities.” Epigenetics 6, no. 7 (July 2011): 798–803. doi:10.4161/epi.6.7.16222.
Therneau, Terry M. 2015. Coxme: Mixed Effects Cox Models (version 2.2-5). https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/coxme/index.html.
Tobi EW, Heijmans BT, Kremer D, Putter H, Delemarre-van de Waal H a., Finken MJJ, Wit JM, Slagboom PE. 2011. DNA methylation of IGF2, GNASAS, INSIGF and LEP and being born small for gestational age. Epigenetics 6:171–176.
Waddington CH. 1942. The epigenotype. Endeavour 1:18-20.
Waddington, C. H. (1957). The Strategy of the Genes, 1957. George Unwin & Unwin, London Google Scholar.
Weaver ICG, Cervoni N, Champagne FA, D’Alessio AC, Sharma S, Seckl JR, Dymov S, Szyf M, Meaney MJ. 2004. Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior. Nature Neuroscience 7:847-854.
Wehkalampi K, Muurinen M, Wirta SB, Hannula-Jouppi K, Hovi P, Järvenpää A-L, Eriksson JG, Andersson S, Kere J, Kajantie E. 2013. Altered Methylation of IGF2 Locus 20 Years after Preterm Birth at Very Low Birth Weight. PLoS One 8:e67379.
Weinhold, A. (2018). Transgenerational stress-adaption: an opportunity for ecological epigenetics. Plant cell reports, 37(1), 3-9.
Williams, Aaron. “Variation in Dietary Intake and DNA Methylation: The Possibility of a Remnant Thrifty Epigenotype in Populations Remaining at Risk for Seasonal Food Shortages.” Scholars Week, May 18, 2017. http://cedar.wwu.edu/scholwk/2017/Day_two/38.